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The Digambar sect, meaning “sky-clad,” is characterized by the practice of renouncing all possessions, including clothing. Digambar Sadhus (monks) live without clothes, symbolizing their complete detachment from worldly attachments. They hold conservative views, believing that women must be reborn as men to attain liberation.
This belief stems from their interpretation of scriptures and the nature of spiritual purity, leading to a more restrictive view on women’s roles in religious life. The Digambars do not accept the Agamas as authentic and instead rely on texts like the Shatkhandagama and the Kashayapahuda, which they consider more aligned with their interpretations of Jain teachings.
The Digambar sect developed concurrently with the Śhwētāmbar sect, particularly during the early centuries of the Common Era. The split between these two groups was fueled by differing interpretations of Jain doctrines, especially concerning ascetic practices and the nature of liberation.
This sub-sect emphasizes adherence to traditional Digambar practices, including rituals, teachings, and community engagement in temple settings. Bisapantha Jains conduct elaborate ceremonies and rituals around Tirthankar idols, focusing on preserving the historical and cultural aspects of Jain worship.
Emerging around the same time as the Śhwētāmbar Terapanth, this group emphasizes rationality, simplicity, and spiritual discipline while aligning with Digambar traditions. Terapanthi Jains in this context prioritize rational discussions, ethical conduct, and spiritual study over idol worship and rituals.
Followers of Taran Swami place significant emphasis on his writings and teachings, with less focus on idol worship and more on meditation and spiritual study. They believe in the path of self-realization through deep introspection and ethical living. His followers aim to cultivate inner peace, mindfulness and a deeper understanding of the soul’s true nature.
“Digambar” means “sky-clad”
“Śvētāmbara” means “white-clad.”
Sadhus’ practice complete nudity, symbolizing renunciation. Sadhvis’, however, wear simple white
Monks (sadhus’ and sadhvis’) wear simple white clothes
Women must reincarnate as men to achieve liberation.
Women can attain liberation directly
Follow Kashayana Sutra and Tattvartha Sutra believe original scriptures were lost.
Follow Agamas, believed to be Lord Mahavira’s teachings.
Closed eyes, usually naked, without any adornments, reflecting asceticism
Open eyes, adorned with clothes and jewelry.
Simple, austere temples with unadorned idols symbolizing renunciation
Ornate temples with richly decorated idols.
Sadhus collect alms in their hands, and avoid stay in one place to maintain their detachment from comforts.
Sadhus and Sadhvis use bowls for alms and may stay in one place during the rainy season