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The Namokar Mantra (also referred to as the Navkar Mantra) is the most revered and foundational prayer in Jainism. Unlike many prayers in other traditions that often request blessings, protection, or material favors, the Navkar Mantra is purely a salutation or expression of deep reverence. It honors those who have attained spiritual purity and enlightenment. This mantra is universal and transcends sectarian divisions within Jainism, making it a central prayer for Jains across all traditions.
Meaning: I bow to the Arihants (souls who have conquered inner passions like anger, greed, ego, and deceit, and have attained omniscience).
Description: Arihant is a Jiva (soul) human beings who has destroyed all inner enemies (kashayas: anger, pride, deceit, and greed) and have attained ultimate knowledge (Kevala Gyan).
Meaning: I bow to the Siddhas (liberated souls who have achieved Moksha, a state of liberation and eternal bliss).
Description: Siddhas are the liberated souls who have destroyed all karma and are free from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). They have attained Moksha, a state of eternal bliss.
Meaning: I bow to the Acharyas (the spiritual leaders or heads of Jain congregation).
Description: Acharyas are the spiritual leaders or heads of the Jain community who guide and teach others on the path of righteousness and spiritual discipline.
Meaning: I bow to the Upadhyayas (spiritual teachers who impart knowledge of scriptures and philosophy).
Description: Upadhyayas are monks who have special knowledge of the scriptures and are responsible for educating other monks, nuns, and laypeople.
Meaning: I bow to all the Sadhus (monks) and Sadhvis (nuns) in the world who practice self-discipline and have renounced worldly attachments.
Description: Sadhus and Sadhvis are those who dedicate their lives to following the five major vows of non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), celibacy (Brahmacharya), and non-possessiveness (Aparigraha). They live with minimal possessions, practicing meditation and penance to purify their souls.
Meaning: This fivefold salutation (to Arihants, Siddhas, Acharyas, Upadhyayas, and Sadhus) destroys all sins and is the foremost among all auspicious things.
Description: The Navkar Mantra does not refer to any particular god or deity, but to the virtues and qualities of the enlightened and spiritually advanced beings. By venerating these virtues, the soul can begin its journey of self-purification. The mantra is believed to remove obstacles, purify the soul, and bring good karma.