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The term Śhwētāmbar translates to “white-clad,” signifying the white clothes worn by its Sadhus and Sadhvis (monks and nuns). This sect is known for its more liberal interpretations of Jain texts and practices. Śvētāmbar Jains believe that women can achieve liberation (moksha) and acknowledge the 19th Tirthankar, Mallinatha, as a woman.
The Śhwētāmbar sect accepts the Agamas as its canonical scriptures, believed to contain the direct teachings of Mahavir. These texts provide guidelines on rituals, ethical conduct, and philosophical concepts central to Jainism. Over time, this sect developed several sub-sects that further diversified its practices and interpretations.
This sub-sect arose as the practice of idol worship in temples and conducts rituals around the idols of Tirthankars. The Murtipujak community emphasizes elaborate temple rituals, offerings, and ceremonies, fostering a sense of communal identity and religious devotion.
The Sthanakwasi Jains emerged as a reaction against idol worship and temple-centric practices. It emphasizes direct spiritual experience through meditation and self-discipline. Sthanakwasi Jains meet in sthanaks, for religious activities and meditation.
Founded by Acharya Bhikshu in the 18th century, the Terapanthi sect sought to reform and simplify Jain practices by emphasizing non-idolatry, ethical living, and a disciplined lifestyle. Terapanthis have a well-organized monastic order and follow the guidance of their Acharya (spiritual leader).
“Digambar” means “sky-clad”
“Śhwētāmbar” means “white-clad.”
Sadhus’ practice complete nudity, symbolizing renunciation. Sadhvis’, however, wear simple white
Monks (sadhus’ and sadhvis’) wear simple white clothes
Women must reincarnate as men to achieve liberation.
Women can attain liberation directly
Follow Kashayana Sutra and Tattvartha Sutra believe original scriptures were lost.
Follow Agamas, believed to be Lord Mahavira’s teachings.
Closed eyes, usually naked, without any adornments, reflecting asceticism
Open eyes, adorned with clothes and jewelry.
Simple, austere temples with unadorned idols symbolizing renunciation
Ornate temples with richly decorated idols.
Sadhus collect alms in their hands, and avoid stay in one place to maintain their detachment from comforts.
Sadhus and Sadhvis use bowls for alms and may stay in one place during the rainy season